You use a reverse proxy. Configure your DNS (GoDaddy in this case) to forward requests to your domain to your WAN IP. Set up port forwarding on your router to send HTTPS requests to your server, then the reverse proxy processes the request and directs it to the proper container.
This is honestly the most confusing and complicated part of self-hosting.
It's also all made very simple using Yunohost.
Also please move away from GoDaddy as soon as possible. Popular alternatives would be NameCheap or Porkbun.