That’s not too easy methinks. You get kvm vm-s though gui/shell/api with proxmox, but no docker (they use lxc). Unless you set up a podman or similar inside it.
Other than that I’d say go with a xen (xcp-ng). Proxmox or esxi host, and spin up a vm as docker host.
I ditched docker in my latest setup, just running 2 machines in a proxmox cluster. I like lxc - as it’s got the footprint of docker and behaves like a vm